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IMPACT OF
PUBLIC AGRICULTURE EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Agriculture,
in whatever form it comes or exists-food and cash crops production, livestock,
poultry, animal husbandry, hunting and Horticulture-has its roles to play in
any Nations Economic growth and
devolvement is crucial. Among these roles are sources of food for the growing population,
raw material for the manufacturing sector, reduction of inflationary pressure,
earner of foreign exchange, empowerment of the labour force, source of income
and savings for the farmer and improvement in their living standards, and
market for products of the manufacturing sector. (Jhingan M.L 1975).
But,
unfortunately for Nigeria as a developing Nation, these roles are hardly met by
the Agricultural sector because of the internal and external factors facing
farmers in Nigeria. A catalogue of reasons have been advanced for the relative poor
performance of Nigeria’s agricultural sector. Key among these macroeconomic
disequilibrium including interest and foreign exchange rate volatilities, poor
infrastructure base, policy inconsistency and unnecessary intervention by the
public sector which sends wrong (crowding out) signal to the private sector.
(Eboh E.C, 2003).
Other
important constraints include inadequate public agricultural expenditure, over
dependence on crude oil revenue, rural-urban migration, inadequate processing
and storage capacity, smallness of farm holdings, ageing population, use of
inefficient traditional technology, inadequate agricultural extension services,
policy inconsistency and increasing population pressure etc.
In an
attempt to solve these problems of agricultural sector, the Federal and State
governments of Nigeria intervene through some agricultural policies and
programmes. Notable among the these policies are the operation field the Nation
(OFN), the Green revolution (GR), land use degree, fertilizer company of Nigeria
(NAFCON) and the National Agriculture land development authority (NALDA) and
the latest is the agriculture development project (ADP). Meanwhile, these
policies have not helped much in improving significantly the agricultural
sector as the costs involved are still more than the benefits realized.
Perhaps, for
the impact of public expenditure, surplus public agricultural expenditure
allocation on the sector itself in Nigeria, is to be more effective, efficient
workable and successful in some of these agricultural policies.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
agricultural sector has been affected with numerous problems which has been the
result of the poor performance of the sector itself.
This has
attracted various strategies including expansion of public expenditure on
agricultural activities. Overtime this expenditure has been on the increase
without expressly translating to a corresponding expansion in agricultural
output. The question that comes to mind are:
1.
What is the impact of public agricultural expenditure on agricultural
output in Nigeria?
2.
What is the impact of public agricultural expenditure on economic growth
in Nigeria?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The overall
objective of this study is to determine how public expenditure can improve
agricultural output.
However, the
specific objectives are as follows:
1.
To determine the impact of public agricultural expenditure on
agricultural output.
2.
To determine the impact of public agricultural expenditure on economic
growth.
1.4
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
The hypothesis tested in this study are
as follows:
1.
Public agricultural expenditure has no significant impact on
agricultural output.
2.
Public agricultural expenditure has no significant impact on economic
growth.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Once
regarded as the mainstay of the economy and also the provider of employment,
food and foreign exchange thus; adequate public agricultural expenditure on the
agricultural sector is significant.
This study
is intended to determine the trends of public agricultural expenditure on
agricultural output in Nigeria in order to ensure food security to and reduce
poverty in the economy.
This study
will also show the impact of public agricultural expenditure on the economic
growth of Nigeria over time. The result of the study will be of great benefit
to the federal republic of Nigeria because economic growth is the vehicle of
development. Development is the sustained elevation of an entire society and
social activities towards a better and more human life.
The result
of this study will be significant in the following ways:
1. It will
help the Nigerian government and her policy makers to restore fiscal
Discipline in Nigeria.
2. The study
will be important in debt management in Nigeria.
3. It will
also have implications for formulating a workable model.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study
covers the period of 1978-2007, a period of twenty-nine years; basically this
research focuses on the trend of public agricultural expenditure and some
contributions of agriculture to the economy itself (GDP).
The scope
also comprises of some inherent problem facing the agricultural sector, its
prospects and policy recommendation to attain a high level of productivity.
There is no
end of knowledge and like( Anumudu C.N) will say; there is no failure anywhere
only that people have just failed to succeed. In the bead of trying to succeed
and failing to fail that this work become a success if not many factors without
our ability to achieve a desired result some of which include the bottlenecks
prevalent in the mobilization of data, which was a major concern to the essence
of this work.
There is
also lack of strong evidence in the theoretical framework of this topic that
would have provided a reliable foundation for us to stem from a particularly
Nigerian case. There is also the limitation of the small sample size which has
its attended drawbacks.
The dearth
of required statistics and limited access to literature, some journals and
publications which could have been of immense help to this work were
unavailable
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