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ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
The academic
performance of any student cannot be separated from the home environment in
which the child lives, healthy home environment offers emotional security to a
child. Education has one of its basic task as to train young people to become
useful members of the society. This training begins at home in the informal
way. The home of the child is the first place he enters as he is born into the
world by his or her parents.
Children are motivated to work on
activities and learn new information and skills when their environments are
rich in interesting activities that arouse their curiosity and offer moderate
challenges. The same can be said about home environment , unfortunately there
is much variability in motivational influences in homes, some homes have many
activities that stimulate children thinking as well as computer, books, puzzles
and parents who may be heavily interested in their children cognitive
development and spent time with them on learning. Much of the variability in the relation
between family income and children’s intellectual development comes from the
family provision of a stimulating home environment (Young, Linver & Brooks,
2002). Children intellectual development
is most strongly influenced by the home environment during infancy and early
childhood. When they are under the direct influence of parents. As children
mature, schools and peers also begin to play a role in their intellectual
socialization. There is much evidence supporting the hypothesis that the
quality of a child’s early learning in the home environment relate positively
to the development of intelligent and reading skills, (Meece, 2002, Sene Chai
& Lefevre 2002), and parental involvement in schooling also predict
achievement (Luckner, Whaley & Egeland, 2004).
Various homes factors have been shown
to be important, mother’s responsiveness, discipline style and involvement with
the child, organization of the environment, availability appropriate of learning materials,
opportunities for daily stimulation. Parents, who provide a warm, responsive
and supporting environment, encourage exploration, stimulate curiosity and
provide play and learning materials accelerate their children’s intellectual
development (Meece, 2006). Which on the long run increases academic
performance?
Within the home environment we must
examine both the roles of mothers and fathers because differentiate parent
behaviour has often been implicated as a variable affecting children’s
development. Some of the potential parental behaviour that can influence
children motivational beliefs are:
§ Attributions for the child’s school
performance
§ Perception of the task difficulty of school
work
§ Value for school work
§ Expectation and confidence in children’s
abilities
The home
environment provide the foundation for learning and is an element of the
student life that can affect grades. Providing opportunities to learn outside
the school help facilitate student success in the school environment, as
reported by the university of Minnesota extension. According to experts the
mother’s educational level had the single most important impact on a young
child’s academic performance.
The school cannot single handedly
provide the continuation of the home environment, but the can play estimate
role in laying foundation of the child in learning how to read and write
however, this influence is characterized by various factors such as the parents
educational attainment and cultural issues. Over the years the society recorded
a persisted increase in the poor performance in the various school examination
such as the senior school exam (S.S.C.E) comments from educator have shown that
the blame for poor performance has been as a result of neglect and care free
attitude toward academic work by students and parents. It is against this
background that researcher has decided to investigate academic performance on
child. There are innumerable factors that affect the child academic performance
as stated above. It is obvious that a child academic performance is directly
related to his or her environment as well as learning facilities and socio
cultural issues. Every child is born with certain level of intellectual ability
and capability but a good conducive environment with adequate learning facility
will help boost intellectual and academic capability of the child. Parent from
good learned environment will; always have good attitude toward education any
provide learning materials such as the television, instructive videos, books
and toys (creative toys) etc that facilitate the learning process if they are
provided.
Educated
parents will always believe that it is important to help a child with his or
her home work and revise the school work that the child had done but this is
the opposite if a child is from a poor home environment to a large extent he or
she is deprived of the opportunities and he or she struggle with the teaching
and learning process.
Statement of
Problem
Good education does not happen by chance. It
is a product of effective teaching and learning coupled with the effort of the
teacher, the school, the students, parents and their various home environments.
Often at times the blames on the poor performance of students in school are
shifted to the teachers and the school authorities.
Most families in our society seem not
to give adequate attention to the education of their children. It appears some
of the parents have erroneous notion about the performance of their children,
they do not know and seem to fulfill their role of guidance and encouragement
in the child’s performance in schools. Some people also have the notion that
the mass failure or success in schools could be traced back to the teachers and
the school authorities. While other people see socio-economic status of the
family as an influence to the child’s academic performance.
However, some research works have
revealed that the performance of the students is a joint effort of both the
school authorities and that of the parents in different home environment.
This calls for further research to
find out the causes of the poor performance of the students and then proffer
solution to that. In Edo state for instance, some students and parents have the
notion that the factors responsible for the re-occurrence massive failure of
student in junior and senior West African School Certificate Examinations
(WASCE) is the factor emanating from the school authorities and the teachers
alone. Some students even go to special Centre’s while few enlightened parents
maintained that there are some factors in student’s home environment which also
contribute to that. It is on this premise that this study was set out to
identify some of the home environmental factor affecting the students’ academic
performances and proffer solution to that.
Research
Questions
As regard to
the purpose of research the blowing research question provide the forms or the
study:
1. To what extent does parental involvement
influence the secondary school students academic performance?
1.2. To what
extent does parent’s occupation affect the secondary school students academic
performance?
1. 3. Does
the type of family structure and family situations influence the secondary
school students’ academic performance?
1.4. To what
extent does parental educational status influences secondary school students
academic performance?
Purpose of
The Study
The purpose
of this study is to examine the HOME ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS of Egor local government.
Significant
of the Study
This study
will help contribute to the existing knowledge already on ground concerning the
home environment and academic achievement in secondary school student of egor
local government area. The findings of the investigation will help the various
authorities as teachers, parents and caregivers in adopting method or technique
in child rearing as well as teaching so as to bridge the gap of variation in
academic Performance and how to organize students in such a way that they are
all carried along academically no mater his or her family condition.
Delimitation/Scope
of The Study
The study was design specifically to
investigate the relationship between school environment ant and the academic
achievement among secondary school students in Egor local government area Edo
state. It is restricted to only ten secondary school within this community.
Definition
of Terms
Academic
Achievement: Refers to the level of schooling must successfully complete.
Another ability to attain success in studies. (four dictionary, 2013) for
example when you receive great grades, this is an example of academic
achievement, where you after college and graduate school, with a good result.
It should also be the extent to which a student teacher or institution has
achieves their educational goal.
Curriculum:
Curriculum is the total Aggregate of subject or construct, course of study
organized and planning by an institution like a school that is disseminated to
the students within a certain time phase in a usually formal setting
Family:
Collins students dictionary defines family as a social groups consisting of
parents and their children it may be broader than this in some cases and yet
may also be more limited to a single parent and a child/children.
Literacy:
traditionally literacy has been defined as the ability to read and write.
However in the past twenty years or so, this conventional definition of
literacy has been challenged and broadened to include a wide range of complex
and multiple dimensional processes and skills.
Family
literature: the term family literacy was coin by Taylor (2003) in her study of
the ways in which the parents impart assist the literacy of their children.
This concept of family literacy should be distinguished from family literacy
programs (e.g.Hannon and Bird, 2004;Was and Hermann,2004)
Family
Structure: the composition and membership of the family and the organization
and patterning of relationships among individual family members.
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