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STUDENTS’
AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF COUNSELING NEEDS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
Counselling
needs are needs of a student that are required to resolve
his/her problems which he/she
confronts in day
to day life situations and also to enrich his
personal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’
and students’ perception of counselling needs of secondary school students in
Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State. Therefore, related literature
which dealt with the teachers’ and students’ perception of counselling needs of
secondary school students, was also reviewed as part of this study.
The study
employed a descriptive survey. Two research instruments were used in this
study, teachers’ perception
questionnaire (TPQ) and students’ perception questionnaire (SPQ) were used as
the instrument for data collection; Using simple random sampling techniques,
two hundred questionnaires were distributed to students from the Ijebu North
local government in Ago Iwoye. The data collected were thus analyzed using
frequency count and t-test statistics.
The findings
of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between the
perception of teachers’ and students’ of counseling needs in secondary
schools in Ijebu North Local Government, there is no significant difference
between male and female students’ perception of counselling needs in secondary
schools in Ijebu North Local Government and there is no significant difference
between male and female teachers’ perception of counselling needs in secondary
schools in Ijebu North Local Government.
It was concluded that curriculum developers
should endeavour to take a critical look into the curriculum so as to improve
the level of interest by students and teachers towards counselling needs so as
to curb mass the negative effect of counselling as always recorded across the
world every year.
The study
therefore recommended that there is need to organize for seminars and workshops to
offer continuing education in guidance and counselling. This will equip
the teacher counsellors with latest theories and techniques of counselling to
make them more effective counsellors and School
administrators should endeavour
to provide all
resources for guidance
and counselling. These include not only a counselling office
equipped with reference materials, but also students’ personal files and
adequate career resource materials.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
inception of school counseling did not occur until the beginning of the 20th
century. In its initial stages, school
counseling represented a service provided to students primarily for vocational
guidance purposes such as preparing students for work after school and
discussing potential careers. Frank Parsons, known as the Father of Vocational
Guidance, instigated the integration of career guidance at the high school
level with the idea of designating specific counselor positions within the
school to offer vocational guidance (Schmidt, 2003). Therefore, school
counselling was borne out of offering career services to students. As the 20th
century moved forward, academic guidance became more interwoven into the
vocational counselor’s responsibilities (Gysbers, 2001) and hence the need for
counselling in schools. Guidance leaders like John Brewer and G.E. Meyers began
emphasizing the educational role that counselors could assume within schools.
By the mid 1930’s into the 1940’s, counsellors began providing personal
counseling to students as well. Therefore, in addition to providing academic
and vocational guidance, counselors began offering mental health services to
students.
The age
group of secondary school students extends from 14 to 19, which span in the
later adolescent period. Adolescence is considered as the
most tumultuous period
of life. Hall (1976)
rightly remarked that adolescence is
the period of
stress and strain,
storm and stiff. The
life of modern
industrial societies is so
complex where the
intricacies of adolescence
period are more
hazardous. The basic
characteristics of secondary school
students in modern
times are increased emotional
instability, period of unrealism,
hero worship, moral dilemma, faster changes in the physical
and biological system, temporary imbalance of whole endocrine system, tendency
to incline towards anti social behaviour, drug and sex abuse and several other
unique characteristics. It is
widely accepted that
the adolescent students need counselling support when
they face personal,
social, familial and educational
issues. The present
investigation is directed
towards the identification of teachers and students perception of
counselling needs of secondary school
students in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State.
A need is
any lack or deficit of something within an individual, either acquired or
physiological, whose fulfilment would tend to promote the welfare of the
individual. (Biswas & Aggarwal, 1971) Counselling needs are needs of a
student that are required to
resolve his/her problems
which he/she confronts in
day to day
life situations and also to enrich his personal development. Counseling
needs being a
major factor to
complement guidance, was
also looked at through the teachers/students‟ eyes. How
both parties (teachers/students) view the need for counseling services in
secondary school. Students and teachers
should view the advantages and disadvantages if it is introduced. In
this study however, the perception of the students and the teachers shall be
considered greatly towards counseling services in secondary schools.
Counselling needs seems to be growing
in schools, for instance secondary schools experienced rampant fights and
boycotting of classes. With the disintegration of African cultures, and a busy
economic world, parents have left counselling of children to the teachers. On the other hand, teachers are under
pressure to produce results academically (Nasibi, 2003). Therefore, little attention is given to the
area of behavioural change which leads to a situation where students are not
imparted with life skills. With this
kind of situation, there is need to find out the perception of teachers and
students of counseling needs amidst secondary school students.
Counseling is a professional field
which has a broad range of activities and
services aimed at
assisting individuals to
understand themselves, their
problems, their school
environment and their world (Lunenburg, 2010). The main policy goal for secondary level education
is the provision
of resources that
would allow all
school age children,
and others so desiring, to receive and complete a junior high school
program of quality. Further, that as many as can benefit as so wish, move on to
and complete a diversified broad base high quality senior
high school program
or its equivalent
in readiness for
the next stage/phase
of living and learning. Counseling is informally offered by elders and
clan heads. All members of the extended family
especially anyone older
than other is
expected and was
looked on to for
counseling the younger
members of the
family. Therefore grandparents,
aunts, uncles, older brothers or sisters
were involved in informal counseling. Skills in carving, hunting and other occupations needed
later on in
life were passed
on to young
people by parents
at different stages in the
development of each child. Some of the behaviour and skills were learnt either
by observing adults, or
acquired through other
means of training. Guidance and
Counseling for individuals have
always formed part
of the African
strategy for combating
personality problems and practiced by indigenous counselors (Robinson,
1987).
A lot
of changes have
taken place and many more
will continue to
take place in our
cultural and social patterns of life.
This has occurred
as a result
of the intrusion
of other cultures and
social habits, and
the developments in
modern science and
technology. Such changes
bring in
new ways of
life and values. Girls
and boys face
major challenges in dealing
with changes in
adolescence, making educational
decisions, handling the
conflicting cultural
messages and values,
managing their sexuality
in a social
environment that encourages delay
in adult hood, coping with changes in family structures and in essence giving
counselors no choice than to take the responsibility of helping the students.
Understanding and coping with issues of
HIV/AIDS for example
single parent families,
adolescent headed families, break
down of the
extended family and
existence of orphans.
All these and others not mentioned here are challenges that
affect the students life and performance in schools. They have
to be assisted
to face them
objectively, with courage
and appreciation through counseling services. Hence, in the
light of this, the study is set to look into teachers’ and students’ perception
of counselling needs of secondary school students.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Guidance and
counseling services are
widely known to be
beneficial in shaping the thinking and decision making capabilities of both
students and even people at work
places. To have
such services in
places where youths are growing
without knowing what is expected of them such as the case of secondary schools
which are been affected by high level of dropout. As a result of these, we can
presume that there seems to be little or
no traces of
counseling services in
secondary schools in
Ijebu North Local Government which in essence should become a need for
secondary school students. Incidences of
children growing without
any direction and
making regrettable mistakes are quite many. For example, several young
people choosing to embrace early
marriage while others
select subjects that
do not have
appropriate combination
especially for joining A‟ Level. Presently the perceptions of
teachers and students
are not known
and as far
as I know, there
is less or no study that has been conducted in Ijebu
North Local Government in relation to the perceptions of teachers and students
about the need for counseling to be offered in secondary schools. In this light
will this study make its findings on students’ and teachers’ perception of
counseling needs of secondary school students in Ijebu North Local Government
Area of Ogun State.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of this study is to bring to fore the Students’ and teachers’
perception of counseling needs of secondary schools students in Ijebu North
Local Government. This study is set to
achieve the following objectives;
1. Analyze teachers and students perceptions
about guidance and
counseling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu North Local Government
Area of Ogun state.
2. To assess the difference in the perception
of students in respect to their gender of counselling needs in Secondary
schools in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun state.
3. To analyze the difference that exist in
the perception of male and female teachers of counselling needs in Ijebu North
Local Government Area of Ogun state.
4. To assess teachers and students
perceptions on the availability of resources needed for counseling in secondary
schools in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun state.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Is there any differencebetween the
perception of teachers’ and students’ of
counseling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu North Local Government.
2. Are there differences between male and
female students’ perception of counselling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu
North Local Government.
3. Are there differences between male and
female Teachers’ perception of counselling need in secondary schools in Ijebu
North Local Government.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
H01: There
is no significant difference between the perception of teachers’ and
students’ of counseling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu North Local
Government.
H02: There
is no significant difference between male and female students’ perception of
counselling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu North Local Government.
H03: There
is no significant difference between male and female Teachers’ perception of
counselling needs in secondary schools in Ijebu North Local Government.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This
research is expected
to be significant
to different groups
of people. To a greater extent,
it is expected to be significant to the students, teachers and school
management. However, other groups of people are expected to feel the impact of
the findings of this research as well.
The findings
could be useful to politicians
and parent. Students are
expected to benefit in the sense
that most of
them are currently
affected by the
teenage pregnancies, absentees
and drop-outs making them not focused. The results of this research could
enable counseling services to be started in secondary schools since the need
for counselling is noted, hence enable
students to reshape
their lives and
become responsible citizen of the country and the local
government itself.
Through the
establishment of counseling
services in schools,
there would be an
assurance that students would be trained to make sensible decisions and hence
reduce failure rates by choosing what they like most and work hard towards
achieving it. Additionally, with the
perception of teachers and students to be considered, the spreading of
counseling services to schools becomes easy, the
future generation will be assured to
be more productive by being more
focused than the way they are now. Parents too stand to benefit in the sense
that they may have less trouble looking after children. Children are expected
to be shaped by counselors in conjunction with the religious leaders of the
different religions. In the process, the
students are expected
to be more productive compared to the way they are
now because the study could change their perceptive toward counselling needs.
By being more productive, it is expected that they would
impress their parents
and or guardians
who would be
willing to involve
them (children) in most of their activities to boost the level of their
productivity.
There is
likelihood that the counselors may reap big in the process. This study could
inform policy makers
on the need to implement counseling
services in schools
which may create huge
employment opportunity for
those people in
the profession of counseling. This would be good economically since it
would uplift the standards of living of councilors and in a way it may increase
spending levels of citizens bringing about increase in National Income Levels.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be delimited to secondary schools in Ijebu North Local Government Area of
Ogun state.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Perception: Perception is defined in Merriam-Webster's Online
Dictionary as an "attitude
or understanding based on what is observed or thought." A teacher's
perception, like anyone else's, is ultimately a product of his or her belief
system.
Counseling services:
It is the
interaction that comes
as a result
of the vocational relationship between a
specialized counselor and
his student where
the counselor assists
the student to understand
himself and his
abilities and talents
to achieve self
and environmental
compatibility in order
to attain the
appropriate degree of
mental health in
light of the techniques and specialized skills of the
guidance process.
Guidance: Guidance
is a group
of planned services
that include counseling,
it provides the trainee
with miscellaneous information
to upgrade his
feeling of responsibility, understand himself and know his abilities and
provide guidance services to trainees.
Teachers: is
a person who provide education for students.
Students: a
person formally engaged in learning, especially one enrolled in a school.
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