EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS ATTITUDINAL BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
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EVALUATING
THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS ATTITUDINAL BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
ABSTRACT
The major
aim of this project was to carry out an investigation into the influence of
students’ attitudinal behaviours towards examination malpractice on their
academic performance, in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State.
In the
study, three hypotheses were postulated and tested. The survey design was
adopted in this research work in order to carry out an assessment of public
opinion of the respondents on the attitudinal behaviour of students towards
examination malpractice especially in English and Mathematics. The
questionnaire technique was used to collect necessary data. The stratified
sampling technique was used to collect necessary data. The stratified sampling
technique was adopted to select the respondents (male/female) students which represented
the entire population of the students in the selected secondary schools.
The t-test
statistical tool was used to determine whether there was significant difference
between the students who involve themselves in examination malpractice
especially in Mathematics and English Language subjects and those who do not.
The result
of the findings were:
1. Students’ involvement in
examination malpractice does not significantly affect their academic
performance in mathematics.
2. There will be a significant
difference between the involvement of male and female students’ examination
malpractice.
3. There is a significant influence of
students’ behaviour towards examination malpractice on their academic
performance in English language subject.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0INTRODUCTION
Olayinka
(1998) said that examination malpractice is a “misconduct or improper practice
in any examination with a view to obtaining good result through fraudulent
means”.
Some of the
examination malpractices include: Cheating, giraffing, taking prepared answers
to the examination hall, impersonation, writing on pieces of paper and hiding
same under the private part, writing on the palms, thighs and using a certain
finger to indicate the correct option in the objective test items such as thumb
for ‘A’ and the smallest finger for ‘B’ or ‘C’ option. Some unscrupulous
invigilators do indulge in dictating the correct answers to students, they also
extend the time allocated to the examination paper. Some teachers show
examination papers to their favoured students due to gratification either in
cash or in kind. All these are examination malpractices.
Some
messengers abuse their offices by selling photocopied question papers to their
students, parents connive with teachers and students to purchase examination
question papers and so on.
The
examination malpractices in this country have got to an alarming peak, whereby
all concerned citizens are taken aback, thinking whether we have gone beyond
redemption point (Olayinka, 1998).
Liman (1997)
said that we read daily in nearly all the Nigerian Newspapers reports of fraud
here and there. The impression at present is that our governments are touched,
institutions of learning are flagrantly defamed, parents are cast down and the
West African Examination Council (WAEC) formally untiring, seems to be throwing
in the towel by being unable to conduct a hundred percent fraud-free
examination any longer.
The practice
of examination fraud initiates the manners of a syndicate operation and in keeping
with the glorious tradition, its said that whoever that refuses to co-operate
is assaulted.
There are
the disturbing trend surely and they have serious implications for the
educational system whose foundation is threatened.
With
teachers and parents so actively involved in this unwanted fraud, the nation
faces the prospect of breeding a generation of dishonest youths, half baked
college products and invariably, an unreliable labour force for the future.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In the Nigerian
society today, examination fraud is an important aspect of indiscipline,
ineptitude, corruption and other vices that have eaten deep into the fabrics of
the Education sector. Examination malpractices spread across the country and
involve both sexes irrespective of tribe and religion.
The practice
covers various forms of leakages, certificate alteration and forgery, swooping
answer scripts, beating up examination invigilator for non-cooperation and so
on (Obe, 1996).
Education in
Nigeria these days has been seriously undermined by the hydra headed monster
called examination malpractice. This is an obvious evil that be bedeviled all
the strata of our educational sector. Examination fraud seems to have gained
the upper hand and has conquered the morality and religiosity of the students.
The attitude of students towards examination malpractices is total and over
whelming and almost all caliber of students from secondary to the higher
institutions of learning participate in it.
According to
Olayinka (1997) our public examinations have lost its credibility, the
certificate which is the main reason of participation in examination fraud is
questionable in terms of academic excellence and prowess but to the
participants the end truly justifies the means because of the facts that
Nigeria is now certificate oriented. Olayinka is of the opinion that there are
various reports of this unwanted phenomenon know as examination malpractices in
all the tiers of our school system, for example the primary, the secondary and
the tertiary institutions. At the national level, efforts are being geared
towards controlling all forms of indiscipline in all spheres of our national
activities, for instance, in 1979, a national conference on discipline and
motivation in schools was organized by the National Policy Development Centre
(NPDC) in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education (FME) with the
full support of the Federal and State government.
The basic
purpose of that conference was amongst other things, to find out the root
causes of indiscipline in school system, mostly examination fraud, drug abuse,
cultism, prostitution among the female students. It is a truism that of all the
notable indiscipline in our school system today, examination malpractice is the
worst because it tends to destroy foundation of the Nigerian educational system
and lower its standards.
In an
attempt to bring about great order to the Nigeria society the military regime
of Buhari in (1984) coined an idea of War Against Indiscipline (WAI), which was
meant to wage war against prominent vices and to sanitize the society.
To extirpate
or control all forms of malpractices, the government of General Babangida in
1996, promulgated a decree covering the miscellaneous offences which included
examination malpractices more so with very stiff penalty attached for example
cheats at examinations are to serve a jail term of twenty one (21) year. But
suffice it say that this heavy penalty did not in any way abate or deter
students involvement and their burning attitude towards examination
malpractices.
Obviously,
it seems that the general attitude of students at all levels of our school
system towards examination fraud is high and unabated and this has affected
their academic performance greatly for example most students cannot even speak
good and passable English not to talk of writing well in English and many
students cannot even defend the stolen certificates which they got through
Examination malpractices (Ejiogu, 1996) and this has brought disgrace to our educational
system and the cheats in particular.
1.2STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Examination
malpractices have been identified with such names as: the monster, national
disease, national disgrace, a cancer in educational underbelly.
Examination
malpractices, which began as isolated cases of examination leakage and other
malpractices in all institutions across the country, have turned out into an
avalanche, thus calling to question, the credibility of admissions and
assessments based on examinations held within the country (Obe, 1992).
The problems
of examination fraud to the growth and development of our educational sector
are enormous. The three of examination malpractices over the years, grown
gigantic satanic roots spreading its tentacles to even the most revealed of
Nigeria institutions and examination bodies.
The problem
is not just associated with the lower examination bodies like (WAEC, JAMB or
NECO) it is not strange to the higher institutions such as the medical
examinations, the law school examinations and so on. The most striking issues
is that students of various beliefs and faiths, for example, religious fanatics
who belong to Muslim or Christian religious are often times found to be victims
of this moral misconduct called examination malpractice.
1.3PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study is to investigate the influence of students attitudinal.
behaviours towards examination malpractice on their academic performance.
1.4RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions were posed to guide the conduct of this study.
i. To what extent can the problem of
examination malpractice be solved?
ii. How can we identify the culprits of
examination malpractice?
iii. How do we determine the extent of
damages examination malpractices has done to our educational system?
iv. To what extent does examination
malpractice affect the academic performance of students?
v. Who do we blame for examination
malpractice?
1.5RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
The
following hypotheses were formulated and tested:
i. Students’ involvement in
examination malpractice does not significantly affect their academic
performance in mathematics.
ii. There will be no significant
difference between the involvement of male and female students in examination
malpractice.
iii. There is no significant influence of
students behaviour towards examination malpractice on their academic
performance in English language subject.
1.6SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This
research work is going to assist in many ways in proffering solution to the
problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria and in Surulere Local Government
Area of Lagos State in particular for example.
i. The solutions provided by this
study will go a long way in helping the government and the Ministry of
Education to tackle the problem of examination malpractice.
ii. This investigation will enable
students to understand the effect of examination malpractice n their academic
performance.
iii. Also the society will benefit from
the investigation as well as the solution proffered in this study.
iv. This work will help parents, teachers
and examination officers to know the dangers involved in aiding or abetting
their children or students to cheat in examinations.
1.7SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This study
will cover the causes, effects and solution to the examination malpractice in
the educational sector, especially in the Surulere Local Government Area of
Lagos State.
This study
has been limited in order to have an in depth study of students behaviours
towards examination malpractice on their academic performance. This is because
the issue of examination malpractice is national phenomenon that cut across all
the sectors of our educational sector in Nigeria.
1.8DEFINITION
OF TERMS
To make this
study understandable, all ambiguous words and terms are operationally defined
thus:
i. Examination malpractice: This is
misconduct or improper practice in any examination with a view to obtaining
good result through fraudulent names (Olayinka 1998).
ii. Fraudulent: The advanced learners
dictionary defines fraudulent as something got or done by deceiving or through
deceit.
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