INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
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INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN TERTIARY
INSTITUTIONS
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the effect of information communication technology on the academic
performance of students in tertiary schools located in Lagos State. The
descriptive research survey was used in order to assess the opinions of the
selected respondents using the questionnaire as the research instrument. A
total of 300 respondents were selected to represent the entire population of
the study. A total of three null hypotheses were formulated in this study and
tested with the use of independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of
significance. At the end of the data analyses, the findings that emerged are as
follows: there is a significant relationship between ICT and students’ learning
behaviour in the school, there is a significant relationship between students’
perception of ICT and students’ academic achievement in school, and there is a
significant difference between the perception of teachers and students on the
use of information communication technology. Based on the findings of this
study, the following recommendations are made: computer appreciation courses
should be made compulsory for all academic staff in the school and an
arrangement should be made to procure personal computer by all academic staff.
The management of the school should make arrangement with a company dealing on
computer, such staff can have computer on loan bases if it expensive to
procure.
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
The
predominant means of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium,
either as spoken lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of
many different media types become available to students, especially the
Sandwich ones through the internet, there is a need for educators to understand
when these sources may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need
for students to develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn
from these sources (Anyakoha, 1990).
Tyner (2000)
argued that in the information age, the concept of literacy has been
simultaneously broadened and splintered into many literacies in part because
the all purpose word literacy seems hopelessly anachronistic, tainted with the
nostalgic ghost of a fleeting industrial age. The term information communication
technology is among several terms that have been associated with literacy to
emphasize that literacy extends beyond reading and writing the alphabetic
codes, and should include a variety of audio-visual forms of representation.
Associating information communication technology with literacy also highlights
a belief among many scholars and educators that conceptions of literacy or
studentship and how it is developed should not focus exclusively on printed
materials but should include electronic media that have moved into the
mainstream of communication especially at the end of the twentieth century.
Implicit in
these views is that research and practice related to literacy must be
transformed to accommodate new ways of accessing, process and using information
by students generally and the Sandwich students in particular (Aaron, 1997).
Information encompasses a wide range of things ranging from oral to printed
words, figures, statements, files and documents to such intangible elements as
sound signals, rays and waves. Whatever the form information takes, the essence
of information is that it conveys messages.
UNESCO
(1979), defined information simply as “set of data recorded in a methodical
manner” which includes: any item of knowledge capable of facilitating the
operation of a system; and any numerical or alpha-numerical quantity processed
by the machine, the aggregate of information constitutes the data and results
of a problem. According to Adamson (1998), who claims that the term information
technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge. Information
communication technology , therefore can be defined as the acquisition,
processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictoral, textual and numerical
information by a micro-based combination of computing and telecommunication.
Telecommunication
is a special kind of communication in which information is conveyed over a long
distance. Information communication technology (ICT) also refers to the more
efficient and effective way of storing, accessing and updating information
processes involving paper (Uzor, 2000). In recent time, full-time students,
especially, have benefited from the use of information communication technology
(ICT) such as computer, television, telephone and the internet as a veritable
sources of information in their academic career or pursuit.
Onuoha
(2000), posited that the advent of information technology has made education
simple and easy for students especially, the adolescents in the full-time
studies in our school system. Onuoha claimed that information communication
technology has helped students in many ways such as project writing and
collection of necessary information leading to effective studies.
He further
stated that information communication technology has created a remarkable
balance and effectiveness in the daily activities of students mostly the
Sandwich students who are in the habits of using the computer and the internets
to carry out faster storage and retrieval of information in the academic
environment or school.
As
Adelekunnu (1994) puts it, the training given to children in order to help them
meet the demands of the society in which they live is called socialization.
According to him, information communication technology (ICT) can be used to
assist students to get along with others, achieving self-reliance and
educational success. Also, it can help them to achieve professional success and
to adhere to societal values and norms. With information technology, students
achieve high academic laurels in school.
Statement of
the Problem
The problem
inherent in information communication technology and students’ academic
achievement cannot be overemphasized. This is because, since the advent of ICT,
many students who are not information communication technology complaint, find
it difficult to use vital information generated from the internet to carry out
effective and result-oriented class work. This has in any case, affected their
academic achievement, because a situation students cannot access information in
order to carry out their assignments, project writing, or do other important
academic work through the materials gathered with the aid of ICT, their
learning outcomes suffer a set back.
On the other
hand, many students these days focus their attention on watching television,
listening to the radio, fiddling their blackberry phones and so on instead of
reading effectively their books. This has caused many students to lag behind in
their academic career, because the time they would have used for intensive
studies, is diverted to watch television and other unwanted acts associated
with ICT.
Purpose of
the Study
The major
purpose of this study is to carry out an investigation of the influence of
information communication technology on students’ academic performance in
selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State.
Objectives
of the Study
The
objectives of the study are:
1. Determine whether there is a
relationship between ICT utilization and students’ overall academic performance
in schools.
2. Evaluate whether students’
perception of information communication technology differ from their teachers’.
3. Determine whether there is gender
difference in the use of ICT among full-time students.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions were raised in this study:
1. Is there any relationship between
information communication technology and students’ academic achievement?
2. Will the perception of students on
information communication technology differ from that of their teachers?
3. Is there any gender difference in
use of information communication technology among full-time students?
Research
Hypotheses
The
undermentioned hypotheses would be tested in this study.
1. There will be no significant
relationship between information communication technology and students’
learning behaviour.
2. There will be no significant
relationship between information communication technology and students academic
achievement.
3. There will be no significant
difference between the perception of students on information communication
technology from that of their teachers.
Significance
of the Study
This study
will be beneficial to the following:
Students
will benefit from the findings and recommendations of this study because it
will help them to be more aware of the information communication technology in
the school. This study will enable students to get more involved in the
utilization of information communication technology due to the benefits
derivable from it.
Teachers
will find this study beneficial because with the findings and recommendations
of this study, teachers would avail themselves of the opportunity to get
involved in the use of information communication technology because of the
numerous benefits that can be derived from it.
Parents
would benefit from this study because it will enable them to know the benefits
their children/wards derive from using the information communication technology
in their academic work or activities. Parents themselves, will avail themselves
of the opportunity of knowing the importance of information communication
technology through this study and those who do not use information
communication technology would start to use it as it is beneficial to all human
activities.
The School
Authority will assist the school authority to be able to know more about
information communication technology and its functions especially in the life
of the full-time student. The recommendations of this study will enable the
school authority to expand its policy on the availability and usage of
information communication technology in the school system in Nigeria.
The society
will benefit from this study, because it will assist the society to be
information communication technology friendly due to the advantages it has.
This study will afford the society to know more about information communication
technology and its functions in the world today.
Scope of the
Study
This study
covers the investigation into full-time studentship and information communication
technology utilization in selected institutions in Lagos State.
Definition
of Terms
Operational
terms were defined in this study thus:
Information
technology – Information communication technology is the acquisition,
processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and
numerical information by a micro-based combination of computing and
telecommunication. It is the newest source of information students applied in
solving their academic problems in the schools.
Utilization
– This is the making use of information communication technology in solving
academic problems by students in tertiary institutions in Lagos State.
Assessment –
This refers to the act of assessing and valuing of information through the
accessibility of materials derived from ICT.
Evaluation –
With information communication technology, students and their teachers make
important evaluation of the material derive from ICT.
Acquisition
– This refers to the act of acquiring information necessary for academic work by
students in the tertiary institutions.
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