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LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This
research work centered on the influence of learning environment on the academic
performance of students in public junior secondary school in Ojo local
government area. This study was aimed at finding how learning environment has
an impact on academic performance on students. The researcher made effort to
review books, journals and other materials relating to the different headings
incorporated in the literature review. The study population for this study
composed of 80 students in four public secondary schools in ojo local
government area, Lagos state. The instrument used to collect data for this
study was questionnaire. Te data was analyzed through SPSS computer package.
The result obtained indicate that a significant relationship exist between
learning environment and academic performance.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The learning
environment, which include the classrooms, libraries, technical workshops,
laboratories, teachers’ quality, school management, teaching methods, peers,
etc are variables that affect students’ academic achievement (Ajayi, 2001 and
Oluchukwu, 2000). Hence, the learning environment remains an important area
that should be studied and well managed to enhance students’ academic
performance.
The issue of
poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to
the government, parents, teachers and even student themselves. The quality of
education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of
their duties, but also in the effective coordination of the learning
environment (Ajao 2001) learning environment which include instructional spaces
planning, administrative places planning, circulation spaces planning, spaces
for conveniences planning, accessories planning, the teachers as well as the
students themselves are essential in teaching-learning process. The extent to
which student learning could be enhanced depends on their location within the
school compound, the structure of their classroom, availability of
instructional facilities and accessories. It is believed that a well planned
school will gear up expected outcomes of education that will facilitate good
social, political and economic emancipation, effective teaching and learning
process and academic performance of the students.
Relating
this study to international occurrences are the assertions of Williams,
Persaud, and Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005), which reported that safe
and orderly classroom environment (aspect of instructional space), School
facilities (accessories) were significantly related to students’ academic
performance in schools. The three researchers, also quoted Glassman (1994),
asserting that a comfortable and caring environment among other treatments
helped to contribute to students` academic performance.
The physical
characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students,
and the learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide
in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning
difficult. Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor
health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and
higher absentee rates (Frazier, 2002)
Lyons, 2001;
and Ostendorf, 2001). These factors can adversely affect student behavior and
lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and poor learning attitude
among student. Beyond the direct effects that poor facilities have on students’
ability to learn, the combination of poor facilities, which create an
uncomfortable and uninviting workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating
behavior by students including poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy,
or apathy, creates a stressful set of working conditions for teachers. Because
stress and job dissatisfaction are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm,
it is possible that the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities
have an effect upon the academic performance of students.
Previous
studies have investigated the relationship of poor learning environment
including problems with student-teacher ratio, school location, school
population, classroom ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms, and
inconsistent temperatures in the classroom with student health problems,
student behavior, and student achievement (Crandell & Smaldino, 2000; Davis,
2001; Johnson, 2001; Lyons, 2001;Moore, 2002;
Stricherz,
2000; Tanner, 2000). To complement these studies, the present research is to
examine the aforementioned areas of learning environment as it affects
student’s performance in Nigerian schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
A student
faces a lot of problem in the course of his educational pursuit. These problems
are multifaceted. The research is concerned with the influence of the learning
environment with special reference to student’s academic attainment and
possible solution to the problem. The alarming poor performance in examination
is definitely of great concern to the researcher who sees the study as
inevitable.
It is noted
that students’ performance at junior secondary school level at private and
public schools differs due to environmental constraints.
The high
levels of students’ academic performance may not be guaranteed where
instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops and
laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact
of learning environment on students’ academic performance in junior secondary
school in Ojo Local government area of Lagos State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose
of this study is to:
1. Find out the effect of the learning
environment on the students’ academic performance
2. Examine the reasons for students’ poor
performance.
3. Find out the effect of the learning
environment of student on the academic performance of junior secondary school
students.
1.4 Research Questions
This
research work would also investigate to know the possible solution to the
problem. The research would equally pay attention to the family’s financial
status. Consequently, the following questions is asked.
1. Is there any relationship between school
environment and the
student
academic performance?
2. To what extent do school facilities affect
students’ academic performance in secondary school?
3. What effect does class size has on the
academic performance of students in secondary school?
4. To what extent does school location has on
the achievement of
secondary
school students?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following hypothesis is stated for work.
H1: There is
no significant difference between school environment and the students’ academic
performance
H2: There is no significant difference between
school facilities and academic performance of students
H3: There is
no significant difference between class size and academic performance of
students
H4: There is
no significant difference between school location and academic performance of
students
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped
that this study would provide information for parents, educators and school
administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving
their academic goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of
introducing those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to
enhancing students’ educational outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that
this study is conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of
similarities with many other counterparts.
In this
connection, this study provides a valuable reference for other schools to
reflect upon the school environment as it affect the academic performance of
student in secondary school.
Also, this
work would serve as a stepping stone to other researchers, who are looking for
better ways to solve the problem of learning environment and students’ academic
performance in junior secondary school in business study, a case study of
selected Junior Secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of
this work is to cover four selected schools under Ojo Local Government Area.
They are:
1. Awori College, Ojo
2. Ajangbadi High School, Ajangbadi
3. Lagos model college, Ojo.
4. Ojo Community High School, ojo
The subjects
of this study are junior school.
It is hoped
that the findings made in these areas would serve as a useful pointer to what
occurs in other areas of the state and in other part of the federation knowing
fully well that students encounter different environmental constraint.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
This study
is limited to four junior secondary schools within Ojo Local Government due to
the following factors:
i. Inadequate finance.
ii. Time constraint.
iii. Administrative convenience of the
schools.
iv. The risk of transportation.
1.9 Definition of Term
ACADEMY: A school or college for special
training.
STUDENT: The word “Student” means any
person who is ready to learn and engage in learning activities.
ENVIRONMENT: Environment can be seen as the totality
of the natural and artificial (man made) phenomenon having direct and
LEARNING: Learning is basically a process
of adapting to and improving the environment. What is learned can be measured
either by those things that we observe in the behaviour of the individual.
PERFORMANCE: Is the act of performing a play, concert
or some other form of entertainment.
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