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QUALITY AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF
SOME GENOTYPES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING DIALLEL METHOD
ABSTRACT
The patterns
of gene effects on agronomic and some quality traits of eight genotypes of rice
(Oryza sativa L.) and their progenies were studied using Diallel analysis
method 1 involving parents, F1 hybrids and their reciprocals. The eight
genotypes studied were selected for their agronomic performance and protein
content from thirty genotypes evaluated in a randomized complete block design
and replicated three times at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal
University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria during the planting seasons of 2005
and 2006. The results of the Diallel analysis conducted during the 2007
planting season indicated larger magnitude of additive
components
of variance in attributes like number of tillers per plant, number of days to
anthesis, panicle length , number of secondary branches per panicle, 1000-seed
weight, grain width and grain length/grain width ratio. Non-additive variance
was more important for plant height at flowering, number of seeds per secondary
branch of panicle, grain length and percentage protein content. The nature and
magnitude of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA)
effects, as well as the direction of heterosis assessed by the SCA effects,
seemed to differ for different traits and various cross combinations. No
parental line consistently had negative SCA effects for all the traits.
Additive
gene effects with high GCA values could be exploited in WITA 4 and Max for
higher tillering ability, NERICA 1, Fofifa 16 and WAB 96-1-1 for earliness;
WITA 4 and NERICA 1 for production of hybrids for greater number of secondary
branches per panicle; CT 7127-49 and EMPASC 105 for development of hybrids with
greater number of spikelets per panicle; NERICA 1, CT7127-49 and EMPASC 105 for
producing hybrids with more fertile grains; CT7127-49 and NERICAI for
developing progenies with more seeds per secondary branch of panicle;
IR57689-73 and Fofifa 16
for
1000-seed weight and CT 7127-49 and WITA 4 for developing long and fine grains.
WITA 4 and
EMPASC 105 were observed to be semi-dwarfs and offer themselves as candidate
genotypes for reduction of plant height to reduce stem lodging and increase
yield. The phenotypic generation means of the parental lines (P1 and P2), F1
and reciprocal cross and the BC1 and BC2, evaluated during the 2009 planting
season for the study on genetic effects of the characters on the breeding lines
generated, indicated that the F1 generation means were higher than their
mid-parent values especially for percentage protein content. The F1 and F2
generation means were not significantly different in the majority of the cases
except for lowland x upland and upland x lowland
hybrids for
percentage fertile spikelets and numbers of spikelets per panicle. Varied
genetic effects were observed on the characters for generation mean analysis on
six parameter model. Additive and dominance as well as epistatic gene effects
were involved in the inheritance of most characters. Digenic interactions were
significant for most of the traits. Presence of significant dominance effect
combined with duplicate epitasis restricted the scope for simple selection for
most of the characters. Reciprocal and maternal effects were also implicated
for most of the traits.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the
Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
1.4 Significance of
the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and
Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of
Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
for Further Study
References
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