THEE ROLE OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION MODE IN THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

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THEE ROLE OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION MODE IN THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

PREFACE

The aim of this study is to determine the role of Road Transportation mode in Marketing of Agricultural Produce in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi State.

To enhance a quicker, clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the impact of this study the work has been divided into fi8ve chapter.

Chapter one deals with the nature and statement of the problem, objectives and scope of the study.  Also included in the same chapter is the statement of hypothesis, significance of the study and finally, a definition of concepts very unique to the study.

Chapter two deal with a review of related literature where other people’s views and opinions on road transport and agriculture were highlighted.

The third chapter treated the research methodology adopted and such other areas as method of investigation, population and sample size and finally, the limitations of the study.

Chapter four forms the main basis of the study as it treated the presentation and analysis of data collected for the purpose of the study.

Lastly, chapter five dealt with a summary of the findings, conclusion and recommendations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1       INTRODUCTION

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4       RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.7       DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

2.1       REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.2       AN OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT

2.3       CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT

2.4       PLACE OF TRANSPORTS IN MARKETING

CHAPTER THREE

3.1       RESEARCH DESIGN

3.2       SOURCE OF DATA

3.3       POPULATION OF THE STUDY

3.4       SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

3.5       SAMPLE TECHNIQUES

3.6       RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED

3.7       LIMITATION OF STUDY

3.8       METHOD OF DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS       33

CHAPTER FOUR:

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1       PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.2       TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

CHAPTER FIVE:

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND

CONCLUSION

5.1       SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5.2       RECOMMENDATIONS

5.3       CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.1    INTRODUCTION

The quest of achieve self sufficiency food production is one of the highest priority areas facing most of the world’s today.  It is also a problem that threatens to worsen rapidly in the years immediately ahead.

On the otherhand, problems relating to rural inaccessibility have continued to plogue the world, and in particular, Nigeria Agriculture, it is on this basis that the government and transport policy maker should intensify efforts to improve the transportation system especially in road network system, their collective or individual efforts and endeavours should be directed towards fighting a war against hunger, and providing necessary transport facilities and services, and contribute to judicious investment decisions in related areas that can help assume the supply of additional food and it’s distribution to consumers.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Ever since the beginning of time, agriculture and transportation have always co-existed inseparably.  This is not only because the source of food and fibre and other economic product must be reasonably accessible and on being collected, be distributed to makers, parts and factories, but also that5 adequate transportation mode and efficient carrier service operations are a necessary condition for effecting an efficient physical distribution of agricultural products.  Indeed, adequate and efficient transportation network is a cornerstone of the modern food marketing system.  Transportation thus services as a means of moving goods, ideas and information geared towards increased productivity.

In Nigeria, roads constitute perhaps, the most important infrastructure in the structural transportation of her agriculture.

In Abakaliki, most of the roads traverse a territory of sharp contrasts in climate, soit and vegetation and this hinders agricultural progress in some rural areas, most of the roads which are of course essential for the prompt evacuation of produce from the farms to the market places are often times inaccessible all year round.

Most of these roads, especially feeder roads are unsurfaced, narrow, bad, poorly drained and winding and this prevents easy access to the hinter lend where the majority of the farmers are located.  Even in Abakaliki main town where such roads are in a fair condition, there is the problem caused by poor maintance, lack of adequate executive capacity, lack of suitable materials, and management problem.  The vicious combination of these factors is that costs are higher, marketing possibilities are uncertain and incentives to produce are low.

Besides, the inadequacy of road network services are inefficiently executed.  Delay in transit, bad loading and offloading, and rough handling of goods characterize road transport resulting in great losses from damages, spoilage and detonation of products.

Poor transportation also has the added effect of preventing farmers from specializing in the crops that offer them the best return.  Where transport is inadequate, each former attempts to keep his family supplied with all their needs, and he therefore retains more food than he actually needs, and he therefore retains more food than he actually needs.  This is because if he runs short, it will be difficult to tap other resources and this entails higher losts as a result of transportation this often poses a problem because urban dwellers will be faced with dearth of foodstuffs and other essential goods manufactured from agricultural materials.  These problems that confront rural transportation in Nigeria, therefore, hinder it’s ability to improve the system of land use for agricultural production.

If agriculture is to respond to the growing demand, than it will be necessary to evolve a good progressive rural structure with rural roads to expedite and reduce the cost of flow of agricultural commodities, information and all sorts of rural service to enable it contribute meaningfully to general economic growth.  This will help accommodate increased traffic flows in both directions, inputs moving from the urban areas to the farms and output in the opposite direction.  The task involves very large additions to rural road mode and maintaining existing roads, the expansion of storage and processing facilities and a new institutional arrangement for managing and financing the total system this is of course, a no mean task indeed.

1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study will attempt to relate road transport to the economy as regards the role of a road transportation mode in marketing Agricultural product in Abakaliki L.G.A. Ebonyi State.  The objectives include:

    To determine the extent to which road transportation system has affected the marketing of Agricultural products.

    To identify these factors that are directly have contributed to this.

    To offer useful recommendations with a view to making the marketing of Agricultural products in Abakaliki L.G.A. Ebonyi State, more successful and effective.

1.4       RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Based upon the earlier stated objectives, this study will see to test three major hypotheses.  These are:

    That the nature of road mode system in Abakaliki affects the marketing of her agricultural products.

    That inaccessibility reduces the incentive to produce.

    That the cost of transport affects the price of the farm products.  That is, that the price of agricultural products is a function of the transportation cost.

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The increased interest in this study is due pointy to the gainful and developmental inputs agriculture can make to the economy and most importantly to the tremendous role of transportation infrastructure on regional economies.  This is because transport and development, as well as Agriculture are usually regarded as closely related since each of them influences the fortures and relative rate of growth of others.

The significance of the study is further highlighted considering that in Nigeria, the road is the only mode of transport by which all the states of federation are linked especially with regards to the movement and distribution of Agricultural products from various rural areas of production to the different urban areas of the states for consumption.

Finally, the study shall also serve as a stimulant or reference guide for further research in this area especially in this era of population explosion and impending food storage.

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

In Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, most of the Agricultural Products (Yams, garri, cassava, rice, vegetables, tomatoes etc), are produced in the villages located in remote towns.  Because of difference in ecological factors such as climate, soil texture, topography etc, some village produce more of one or several type of food and other Agricultural products than the others.

Taking cognizance of the fact that the study covers the entire Abakaliki local government area, as a result of dearth of time therefore, it would be time some and almost impossible to visit all the towns and villages in Abakaliki L.G.A. Ebonyi State.

Secondly, because the attendant cost involved if the whole towns and villages should be visited cannot be afforded by the researcher, coupled with the final year academic work, and recognizing that Abakaliki town is the greatest producer of the main staple food items (yam, garri, cassava, rice, groundnut, pepper) in the state, the study therefore will be estricted and limited to the aforesaid zone in investigating the ro9le of road transportation mode in marketing Agricultural products in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.

1.7       DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Considering that the subject matter of the study is the role of road transport mode in the marketing of Agricultural products.  Definition of term will be attempted.

However, such definitions are only made and to be understood within the contest of the study.

Agriculture may be defined as the Science, art, and business of farming, it involves all activities directed towards food production.

Marketing, on the other hand, is defined as the performance of all business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer it emphasizes the flow of products or service that have already been produced.

Agricultural marketing therefore, may be defined as the performance of all business activities involved in the flow of Agricultural products and services from the point of initial Agricultural production until they are in the hands of consumer’s it involves the application of the knowledge of marketing to the formulation, implementation and control of activities which are directly or related to agriculture.

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THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF COCOYAM PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

It is a common practice in Nigeria and other West Africa Countries especially in area lying within the rainforest belt, with thick vegetation cover, the aim of management should be to avoid excessive and inadequate level of farming system and maintains sufficient for planting of cocoyam. The study therefore seeks to examine and appraise the problems and prospects of cocoyam production in our society, a case study of Ovia North East Local Government Area.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Research questions

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Historical Literature review

CHAPTER THREE       

Research methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Research instrument

Data collection

Statistical techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and interpretation of result

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Cocoyam (colocasia spp and xanthosoma spp) is grown in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world particularly in Africa for human nutrition, animal feed, and cash income for both farmers and traders (Onwueme and Chales, 1994). Cocoyam is vegetative propagated using the corms and to a lesser extent the cormels. As food for human consumption, the nutritional value parts of cocoyam is primarily caloric (Davis et al, 1992). The underground cormels provides easily digested starch; and the leaves are nutritious spinach like vegetable, which give a lot of minerals, vitamins and thiamine (Tambong et al, 1997).

There are two major types commonly grown in Nigeria namely; colocasia spp and xanthosma spp. In Nigeria, it is regarded as a major crop especially in X2 female headed household. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of cocoyam in the world contributing about 40% of total annual production okinpshectares of land out of the total arable land of 27,900.00 hectares under cocoyam production.

Cocoyam grows in association with other food and tree crops a system mostly practiced by subsistence farmers in Nigeria. The bulk of the production of cocoyam is in South East, Nigeria (Enyinnia, 2001). Cocoyam  is regarded as a major food crop in Nigeria especially in female headed households. Nwabuzor (2001) noted that cocoyam can be consumed in various forms when boiled, fried, pounded or roasted. It can also be processed into chips (“achicha”) which has a long shelf and provides food all year round especially during lean planting season (Asadu, 2006). Cocoyam leaves are also used as vegetable for preparing soup in various part of the world. There is a decline in the yields of cocoyam on the past few years. As population pressure on land continues to increases, the importance of cocoyam in ensuring household food security is given adequate recognition even through the present yield are still below expectation. This could be attributed to a lot of factors such as climate variation, drought, poor cultural practices among cocoyam growers, pest and diseases infestation (Ezenwu, 2010).

Despite the usefulness of cocoyam corms and leaves in human nutrition, its production and processing in Nigeria is faced with a lot of challenges. Some of these challenges are the alarming rate of land degradation and lack of improved varieties for commercial cocoyam and leaf production. Decreasing rainfall and poor soil have also been identified as some of the challenges processing of cocoyam in Nigeria (Osagoe, 2006). Therefore, this study was carried out with the broad objective of ascertaining strategies for improving cocoyam production and processing among women farmers in Edo State, Nigeria.

1.2    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In any human endeavour, there are bound to be some obstacle or hindrance in any of achieving exception to this general rule. Hence this research is designed to find out the problem and prospects of cocoyam production in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main aim of the study is to examine and appraise the problem and prospects of cocoyam production in our society, a case study of Ovia North East Local Government Area.

    To know the number of farmer producing cocoyam in the local government area.

    To know the type of production system.

    Identifying problem of cocoyam production

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is a common practice in Nigeria and other West Africa countries especially in area lying within the rainforest belt with thick vegetation cover, the aim of management should be avoid excessive and inadequate level of farming system and maintains enough stock raw materials in period of short supply and anticipate price changes.

1.5    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study is centred on planning of cocoyam in our local government council (Ovia North East) with more emphasis on cocoyam production. Survey is a broad discipline that cannot be treated in full in this study. The researcher while trying to obtain information from respondents encountered certain drawback which hindered on farming system.

This investigation had a very limited for the study and they only limited time for the study and they only limited the work.

1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is centered on planting of cocoyam in our local government council (Ovia North East) with more emphasis on cocoyam production. Survey is a broad discipline that cannot be treated in full in this study. The researcher while trying to obtain information from respondents encountered certain drawback which hindered on farming system.

1.8    DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cocoyam: Cocoyam are herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the family araceae and are grown primarily of their edible roots, although all parts of the plant are edible. Cocoyam that are cultivated as food crops belong to either the genus colocasia or the genus xanthosoma and are generally comprised of a large spherical corm (swollen underground storage stem), from which a few large leaves emerge.

Problem: A problem is a road block in a situation, something that sets up a conflict and forces you to find a resolution.

Prospect: A prospect is the possibility that something fabulous will happen. After you graduate top of your class at Harvard, for example, your job prospects look great.

Production: The process of making or growing something for scale or use.

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HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

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08068231953 or 08168759420

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(4)    Teller Number (If you made a direct deposit)

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Account Number: 0046579864

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OR

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Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

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08068231953 or 08168759420

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